Biochemical Changes in Salivary pH and Its Correlation to Hemoglobin Levels, Calcium and Phosphate Ion Concentrations among Pregnant Women, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Surveys in Tanzania show that pregnant women have a significant burden of oral disease, although there is still little literature on the variation their intraoral electrolytes. The present study investigated changes salivary calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (PO43−), and hydrogen (H) ions during pregnancy correlation between pH hemoglobin levels. Methodology: A cross-sectional involved sixty (60) stratified by trimester twenty (20) non-pregnant attending an antenatal clinic at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital. Consecutive sampling was used, saliva collected, electrolyte levels were measured. Gestation age independent variable, whereas ion concentrations dependent variables. Results: difference concentration (z = −3.145, p 0.001) (t −2.49, 0.014) observed women. Kruskal–Wallis tests for Ca2+ PO43− ANOVA revealed differences Ca2+, PO43−, groups (saliva (H 9.91, df 3, 0.019), 12.36, 0.006), (F (3.76) (16.42); < 0.001)). Pearson’s showed no association Conclusions: Pregnancy associated with reduction progressive increase magnitude from first to third trimester. Saliva noticed only